Argument Evaluation Essay Example

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Arms and Legs for Others

Arms and Legs for Others Bob Butler lost his legs in a 1965 land mine explosion in Vietnam. He returned home a war hero. Twenty years later, he proved once again that heroism comes from the heart.Butler was working in his garage in a small town in Arizona, USA on a hot summer day; when he heard a womans screams coming from a nearby house. He began rolling his wheelchair toward the house but the dense shrubbery wouldnt allow him access to the back door. So he got out of his chair and started to crawl through the dirt and bushes.I had to get there, he says. It didnt matter how much it hurt. When Butler arrived at the pool there was a three-year-old girl named Stephanie Hanes lying at the bottom. She had been born without arms and had fallen in the water and couldnt swim. Her mother stood over her baby screaming frantically. Butler dove to the bottom of the pool and brought little Stephanie up to the deck. Her face was blue, she had no pulse and was not breathing. Butler immediately went to work performing CPR to revive her while Stephanies mother telephoned the fire department. She was told the paramedics were already out on a call. Helplessly, she sobbed and hugged Butlers shoulder.As Butler continued with his CPR, he calmly reassured her. Dont worry, he said. I was her arms to get out of the pool. Itll be okay. I am now her lungs. Together we can make it.Seconds later the little girl coughed, regained consciousness, and began to cry. As they hugged and rejoiced together the mother asked Butler how he knew it would be okay. The truth is, I didnt know, he told her. But when my legs were blown off in the war, I was all alone in a field. No one was there to help except a little Vietnamese girl. As she struggled to drag me into her village, she whispered in broken English, It okay. You can live. I be your legs. Together we make it . Her kind words brought hope to my soul and I wanted to do the same for Stephanie.There are simply those times when we cannot stand alone. There are those times when we need someone to be our legs, our arms, our friend.Author Unknown

Movie Reflection On Stigma, Society, And Public Health

Nickishia Menardy And the Band Played On The HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Film: Movie Reflection on Stigma, Society, and Public Health And the Band Played On is a film about the first few years of the AIDS epidemic in the United States. The film focuses on epidemiologist Dr. Don Francis’ journey, with the Center for Disease Control, to research and explain a disease that was never seen before. After a sudden outbreak of cases, all with the same symptoms, is seen in the gay communities along western California, the Center for Disease Control (CDC) begins to investigate. This would turn out to be extremely challenging for them. Under a new administration and combating a stigmatized disease, made many people resistant to aiding in eradicating HIV/AIDS at first. Primarily, the film shows how HIV/AIDS was ignored because it was mostly impacting gays, minorities, and people of low socioeconomic status. Due to the implications that HIV/AIDS was unique to only those people the response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic was delayed. The film And the Band Played covers the HIV/AIDs epidemic which more than anything reveals how sexuality influences community health. During the time of the HIV/AIDs outbreak a large majority of American society was not accepting of homosexuality. Since the epidemic arouse in the gay community first this made it hard for the Center for Disease Control to combat the disease like they needed to. Homosexuality was a controversial topic which made it more complicated toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Pat Solitano ( Bradley Cooper )1501 Words   |  7 PagesAfter eight months in a mental health facility, Pat Solitano (Bradley Cooper) is released back home with his parents. Pat realizes that he must have a new outlook on life to reconcile and be back together with his wife Nikki. He attempts to see the good (the silver linings) in all that he experiences. At dinner with his friends, Pat meets Veronica s sister Tiffany (Jennifer Lawrence). It’s evident that sparks fly between Pat and Tiffany and she tries to connect with him but Pat’s only focus isRead MoreThe Between The Underworld And The Orderly World1424 Words   |  6 Pagesintense power struggle between Beckert’s psychopathic state and his normal state;, Beckert and society;, and the police and the underworld. To establish these power dynamics Lang and his cinematographer use various different camera angles and shots. In the opening scene with the children playing the dark circle game, a high crane shot is used to establish the child murderer’s control over the children and society (Appendix C). This power continues to be established in the scene with Elsie Beckman, as theRead MoreAfrican American Civil Rights Act2723 Words   |  11 Pagesdestructive to the advancement and psychological morale of American blacks. The barbarism of slavery, racial se gregation, culturally ingrained racism and violent lynchings have all at certain periods flourished in the modern day United States. The public pressure of the African American Civil Rights Movement of the mid 1960s culminated in the 1964 Civil Rights Act and brought about significant changes to American life, especially in the Southern states. The intended purpose of this Act was to onceRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Black Swan 3393 Words   |  14 PagesAbstract This paper, broken into two sections, includes a mock case study of a young woman, from the movie Black Swan, who meets criteria for a Schizophrenia spectrum disorder, followed by current research on schizophrenia and recommended treatment. Because specific temporal information is unavailable and the key difference between schizophreniform disorder and schizophrenia is duration, the diagnosis made for the purpose of this paper is schizophrenia. The research portion will cover current researchRead MoreEssay on Sexuality and Sexual Identity2559 Words   |  11 Pagessexuality and gender from a sociological perspective on deviance. In this discussion I will address the following questions: What role does sexuality (and gender) play in society? How are these categories constructed? How are they maintained? And what do these categories reveal about important configurations of power in American society? The social construction of the category of gender has had its roots firmly planted since biblical times: from the creation of the female, Eve for man (soRead MoreCulture Change as a Universal Intervention of Behaviour Change in Tobacco and Alcohol Use and Suicide3267 Words   |  13 Pagesmakes alcohol the fifth leading risk factor globally for ill health and premature deaths (1). Impact of tobacco use and suicide is equally significant. Across the world five million people die every year due to tobacco smoking and 600,000 die due to second-hand smoke (2). One million die due to suicide every year (3). Alcohol and tobacco use and suicidal behaviour are three common health conditions for clinicians as well as public health professionals. Behaviour is fundamental in causation and inRead MoreEve Teasing a Problem of Modern Society3103 Words   |  13 PagesEve Teasing A problem of modern society Eve teasing Eve teasing is a euphemism used in India , Bangladesh and Nepal for public sexual harassment, street harassment or molestation of women by men, with Eve being a reference to the biblical Eve. Considered a problem related to delinquency in youth it is a form of sexual aggression that ranges in severity from sexually suggestive remarks, brushing in public places, catcalls, to outright groping. Sometimes it is referred to with a coy suggestion ofRead More Translating Transgender: A laymans guide to the least-known minority2899 Words   |  12 Pageshas been made on the gender front, the general public is still largely uneducated about the transgendered lifestyle. While the gay and lesbian movements have come to the forefront of our national consciousness as a result of the recent gay marriage controversy, the transgender movement has remained somewhat in the shadows. Indeed, the transgender culture is probably the least talked about, most commonly misunderstood minority in todays society. This may be because of the lack of a uniform setRead MoreMulticultural Education in a Pluralistic Society21691 Words   |  87 PagesWe are obliged to make sure that every child gets a healthy start in life. With all of our wealth and capacity, we just can’t stand by idly. Secretary of State Colin Powell, 2000 ISBN: 0-536-29978-1 Multicultural Education in a Pluralistic Society, Seventh Edition, by Donna M. Gollnick and Philip C. Chinn. Published by Prentice-Hall/Merrill. Copyright  © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2 Class hile he was still in college, Tomas Juarez had decided he wanted to work with childrenRead MoreMarriage and Cohabitation13809 Words   |  56 Pagesmarrying. In 1993, the number of marriages in the UK fell to it lowest level for fifty years and one in five unmarried men and women were cohabiting 1 . The stigma attached to cohabiting in the 1990s is far less than it was two or three decades ago. The subject of marriage and cohabitation have been a debatable issue in the contempoary modern society, owing to the fact that religion, politics and culture plays a major role in influencing our ethical values and standard. 1.1 What is Marriage? Marriage

The Need for Slavery in the Colonies - 856 Words

The Need for Slavery in the Colonies Farming, sewing, and taking care of livestock were just a few responsibilities that were left to slaves during the 1600 s. White families received all of the benefits from the work done, yet they rarely had to lift a finger, unless it was to correct a slave. Today s generation reads about slavery and regards it as morally wrong. While I agree that slavery was one of America s greatest wrongdoings, it paved the way for America as we know it today. One of the largest uses of slave labor was in the southern plantations. Virginia s economy depended greatly on the production of tobacco. However, the problem being that tobacco plants required thousands of workers to produce the extensive amount†¦show more content†¦There were other advantages to slavery in the 1600 and 1700 s other than working on the plantations. Once the slave trade started, slavery became a hereditary disease. If a slave bore a child, that child was automatically forc ed into slavery for the rest of his or her life. This led to generations upon generations of slaves, and a plentiful investment for their masters. While indentured servants were cheaper than slaves, slaves were the property of the master for life, rather than just five years. Servants were treated even worse for this reason, but slaves were not treated much better. The master did not have to pay for much once the slave was purchased, except for a small ration of food everyday, and thin cloth for the slave to wear . Although the slaves were treated poorly, they had a responsibility to be loyal to their masters. In A True and Exact History of the Island of Barbadoes, Richard Ligon describes the treatment of slaves and servants. He tells about a time in which the thoughtless servants accidentally set their masters land on fire. Since the servants did not owe any certain loyalty to their master, they did nothing to stop it. However, the slaves risked their lives to stop the fir e, seeing it as their own duty . Having the slaves on the land protected it from any mishaps. The slaveShow MoreRelatedEssay on Importance of Slavery to the Southern Way of Life1465 Words   |  6 PagesImportance of Slavery to the Southern Way of Life America almost from the beginning was heavily dependent on forced labour. In 1619, John Rolfe in Virgina reported about the last day of August came in a butch man-of-war that sold us 20 negers. This is the first record of Africans settling in America. The Southern colonies were more dependent on labour then the North, as the climate in the South was ideal for plantation agricultural. In the 17th century the basisRead MoreAfrican Americans and Cotton Fields1233 Words   |  5 PagesWhen we think about slavery we perceive it to be African Americans working on a cotton field, but where did that perception come from and where did slavery begin in North America? Slavery has been one of the longest standing legal systems used throughout history. History shows that the first settlers in North America, both the Vikings and Native Americans, were the first cultures to practice slavery in the area. Slavery continued through early modern history, aiding in the discovery of North AmericaRead MoreEconomic, Geographic, And Social Factors1352 Words   |  6 Pagesencourage the growth of slavery as an important part of the economy of the southern colonies between 1607 and 1775? The introduction of Africans to America in 1619 set off an irreversible chain of events that effected the economy of the southern colonies. With a switch from the expensive system of indentured servitude, slavery emerged and grew rapidly for various reasons, consisting of economic, geographic, and social factors. The expansion of slavery in the southern colonies, from the founding ofRead MoreThe Identity Of The American Revolution1527 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Revolution. The American colonies were trying to break away from the British control because they wanted to become independent and be their own nation. Once the British began to realize the intentions of the colonists, they began to create laws, acts, and other forms things to keep the colonists under their control. The identity of the American colonists between 1607 and 21775 helped lead to the American Revolution because there was no unity between the colonies, there was fighting for controlRead MoreThe American Revolu tion And Its Effect On American History1537 Words   |  7 Pagesthirteen colonies that helped mold the United States into what it is today. The revolution caused changes in the original colonies’ economics, caused immense changes in slavery, and changed the society of the colonies in general. As a result of the French and Indian war Britain neglected the American colonies. In 1763 Britain decided to end the neglect and parliament turned its attention to a more controlling attitude toward the American colonies. This new found attention to the colonies caused BritishRead MoreFrench Dbq764 Words   |  4 PagesThe issue of slavery has been a major point of debate in the history of man. The rights of African slaves during the Enlightenment and the French Revolution created controversies arose over the issue of slavery. People living in France during the Enlightenment and revolutionary times had debated that slavery was needed in order for France to avoid an economic shock, slavery should end, slaves needed rights, and slaves were better off being slaves than free. Men hadargued that slavery was neededRead More slavery in 18th century Essay956 Words   |  4 Pagesslavery in 18th century Despite the horror of the word slavery we have to admit that slaves have played a big role in rising big empires. For example the Egyptians used slaves to build their majestic pyramids, the Chinese and Indian used slaves for large-scale construction and agricultural and the Hebrews also used slaves. Slaves were brought from Africa to the British American colonies to work in agriculture and farming, which among other factors made the British colonies in America become soRead MoreThe Chesapeake Bay Colonies988 Words   |  4 Pagesof years, usually between four and seven, in exchange for transportation to the colonies. The Chesapeake Bay colonies, Virginia and Maryland, where especially condition to use indentured servants. During this essay I will explain why the Chesapeake Bay colonies were in such need of the servants and why eventually they turned to slavery to fill the void left by the indentured servants. In the Chesapeake Bay colonies the English colonist found that tobacco grew very well in the warm environment, butRead MoreHigman Essay1380 Words   |  6 PagesWhen slavery was abolished in Britain in 1808, the Atlantic slave trade had been going on for centuries. The abolition movement comes from a history that stems deep. In order to fully understand the movement, one must educate themselves on various aspects such as, how it all began and the leading campaigners against the slave trade. With such knowledge, one may be able to piece together the many reasons why the abolishment of the slave trade took two decades to cease in Great Britain. Despite theRead MoreSlavery and the Economy of the Southern Colonies Essay1282 Words   |  6 Pagesto they could not live without it. This is what African slaves were to the Southern colonists. Slavery was a huge factor in the Southerner’s lives. Originally the colonists used indentured servants to work in their homes and on their pl antations. This situation was not ideal because the Southern farmers wanted more control over their workers (orange). Virginian farmers heard about the success of slavery in the Caribbean and thought it would be a good solution to their problems (blue). The southern

Oaklahoma Tornado Free Essays

On Monday may 20th, 2013 a devastating tornado ripped through the small town of Moore, Oklahoma. This tornado was part of an outbreak of tornados that began in the plains on the 19th. Many towns were affected by Monday’s tornado however Moore got the brute of it. We will write a custom essay sample on Oaklahoma Tornado or any similar topic only for you Order Now Moore is just 20 minutes south of Oklahoma City. The final death toll is 24 people; this was considered a miracle considering the amount of damage. Many rescue crews worked day and night to try to save as many people as they could. Everyone had to work together for it to be organized. Moore, Oklahoma is a town of 55,000 people. The first tornado warning was issued at exactly 2:40pm. This was 16 minutes before touch down of the massive twister. An average warning only goes out 8-10 minutes before a tornado. During this massive tornado outbreak, 28 tornados were reported touching down in the states of Oklahoma, Kansas, Illinois and Iowa. Tornados are rated on how severe they are on a scale called the Enhanced Fujita Scale, which is named after the man who invented it, Dr. Theodore Fujita. The Enhanced Fujita Scale goes from EF-0 (light damage) to EF-5 (incredible damage). EF-0 tornados are 65-85mph (105-137km/h) winds. EF-5 tornados are greater than 200mph (322km/h) winds. The national weather service originally classified the tornado that tore through Moore as an EF-4, but later changed it to an EF-5. This tornado was 2 miles wide at its widest point and traveled a 17 mile long path. Authorities said this was the deadliest tornado in the United States since 161 people died in Missouri 2 years ago. Over 13,000 homes were damaged or destroyed by this life shattering tornado. Originally 51 people were reported dead directly from the tornado and injuries sustained from it. That number later dropped to 24 people. It was said that bodies were counted multiple times in the field and reported but the official number came from the coroner’s office. Out of those 24 dead, 9 of them were children. 7 of those 9 children came were at the Plaza Tower Elementary school when it was turned to rubble. The Plaza Tower Elementary was smashed by the tornado sending many to the hospital. Hospital staff worked around the clock and called many extra workers in to help the overwhelming amount of people coming in. 299 were reported to be seen at any area hospitals. Moore Medical Center was evacuated after it was damaged from the storm. All patients were sent to either Norman Regional Hospital or Healthplex Hospital. Between those two 80 patients were seen for various traumatic injuries. Oklahoma University Medical Center treated 93 patients, 59 children and 34 adults. They treated injuries from minor cuts and lacerations to impalements and open fractures. St. Anthony Hospital treated 36 patients, 14 of them being children. They also transferred 3 patients to another hospital because of their injuries. 0 patients were reported to be seen at Integris Southwest Medical Center for trauma related injuries. On Tuesday 60 patients remained hospitalized following Monday’s tornado. Hospital staff worked nonstop to get done what needed to be done and to get people healed. Countless amounts of people came from all over to help. Some of the first to arrive were the first responders. Firefighters, EMS crews, police officers, the military and many more had to work together in a race against the clock looking for survivors and getting the injured help. Oklahoma army and air guard troops were activated to help search. Fire crews from all over Oklahoma came to help including the fire crew from Tinker Air Force base, which is the closest base to the affected area. 80 National Guard members were deployed for search and rescue. Because of the mass amounts of people coming to help the roads were packed. State Highway Patrol asked people not involved in search and rescue to stay off the roads so emergency responders can do their job. Firefighters used thermal imaging cameras (TIC) to find victims trapped in the rubble. Because crews worked all night the cameras helped see when it was too dark. The National Guard had other specialized equipment to also help. One of the first places searched was the Plaza Tower elementary. Rescuers pulled many children unharmed from the school and took them to a triage center set up in the parking lot. Cadaver dogs were used to sniff for survivors trapped in the rubble. At dawn new search and rescue teams moved switching out with 200 or so emergency responders who worked timelessly all night. Moore fire Chief, Gary Bird said they were going to search every building â€Å"at least 3 times†. After 24 hours he said he was confident there were no more suriviors or bodies. After a place or car was searched they were parked with a red X. An incident command system is needed in place of every disaster. In the case of a tornado everything needs to be smooth. The command post has to be located in the right spot. It must have good communication abilities and enough space for everyone to work. The command post should set up a place to receive 911 calls directly so they can quickly assign recon teams to where they are needed. It is also a good idea to have a TV at the post so they can watch what the news helicopters are covering and where needs the most attention. The Fire Department had an important role in the entire process. They have the tools and equiptment to extract vitims and 4Ãâ€"4 vehicals to access areas that others can not. EMS of course is very important. They were limited emergency treatment and transport so they did not become engaged in long rescues and so more patients can be seen in the hospital. EMT’s were limited to triage so the more advanced paramedics can do more treating en-route to the hospital. The police played a major role which was perimeter control. Many people wanted to see the damage which was getting in the way of workers. They also had to keep people back because of the hazards from downed power lines and natural gas leaks. Everyone that came to help played a role that was beneficial to everyone. This tornado was a terrible disaster. Mother Nature is a powerful thing and should never be under estimated. Everyone affected by this tornado is never going to forget this, but they all will get past it. The town of Moore will be rebuilt and stronger than before. All hospital staff will remember this day as one of the busiest days of their career. Incident command systems are always needed to be set up ASAP to get everything handled correctly and fluidly. How to cite Oaklahoma Tornado, Papers

Liebeck V. Mcdonalds free essay sample

This paper will consider the facts associated with the case of Stella Liebeck versus McDonald’s, resulting from Ms. Liebeck’s efforts to collect for damages sustained when she spilled extremely hot coffee into her lap in 1992. The issues, applicable laws and the conclusion the jury reached will also be covered as well as the subsequent impacts on American tort law following this decision. The facts in the Liebeck case start with the incident description as recounted by Aric Press in the March 20, 1995 issue of Newsweek. Ms.Liebeck was a recently retired, 79 year old woman who ordered coffee at a McDonald’s drive through and received it in a lidded, styrofoam cup (Press, 1995, p. 32). After the order was picked up, her grandson pulled his car forward and stopped so that she could add cream and sugar to her coffee. After placing the cup between her knees since the car had no cup holders, she attempted to remove the plastic lid. We will write a custom essay sample on Liebeck V. Mcdonalds or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The entire contents of the cup spilled into her lap, burning her severely. Subsequently, Ms. Liebeck suffered second and third degree burns on her groin, inner thighs and buttocks (Press, 1995, p. 2). Ms. Liebeck spent several days in the hospital for her burns and another period of weeks at home recuperating. Subsequently, she was readmitted to the hospital for skin grafts. (Press, 1995, p. 3). It was confirmed that the coffee was stored at a temperature of approximately 180 to 190 degrees, per industry standards (Howard, 1994, p. 1), which is likely to cause third degree burns with only a few seconds exposure. The temperature at which McDonald’s kept their coffee was reported to be approximately 40 degrees hotter than that made in a home brewed pot of coffee (Howard, 1994, p. ). McDonald’s had previously received reports of over seven hundred (700) burn incidents form scalding hot coffee and had not at all reacted to the situation (Press, 1995, p. 32). Prior to the in cident in question, Ms. Liebeck had never before filed suit in her life (Coffin, 2004, p. 4). During the trial, testimony from the expert for the defense did not help their case when he told jurors that the number of burn cases was trivial in comparison to the number of cups of coffee sold annually (Gerlin, 1994, p. 2). In fact, he stated that, in perspective, the 700 complaints were â€Å"basically trivially different from zero† (Press, 1995, p. 32). One of McDonald’s executives testified that, in spite of their awareness of the issue, they had not consulted any experts in the field, and in fact had decided not to warn about the possibility of burns. This was in spite of the fact that they were aware of the danger and that most people would not consider danger to be an issue (Gerlin, 1994, p. 2). Ultimately, the case was settled for an undisclosed amount. Ms. Liebeck originally attempted to settle for as little as $2000, but McDonald’s only offered $800 (Press, 1995, p. 2). A primary issue at hand is what obligation does the defendant, McDonald’s, have to alert its customers that it’s coffee is excessively hot and can cause severe burns? Also, what responsibility does the consumer have in ensuring they understand this and take appropriate cautionary measures to avoid causing injury to themselves? What are the penalties associated with McDonald’s failure to protect its clientele? This case deals with product liability law. According to Kubasek, Brennan, and Browne, when consumers†¦purchase a product, they assume that the product will do the job the manufacturer claims it will do without injuring the consumer or anyone else (in Hartigan, ed. , 2004, p. 169). In this case, coffee purchased is presumed to be non-injurious by a reasonable person. Specifically, it is expected that coffee is hot, but is not presumed that it will cause injury to the degree that occurred in the Liebeck case. The plaintiff complained of negligence on the part of the defendant based on their failure to warn or negligence in failing to provide adequate warning (in Hartigan, ed. 2004, p. 169) of the hazard associated with excessively hot coffee. McDonald’s had as many as 700 reports of coffee that scalded customers, creating injuries (Gerlin, 1994, p. 1). The jury decided that the plaintiff was entitled to both compensatory damages of $200,000, reduced by $40,000 for her own negligence, and punitive damages totaling $2. 7 million (Gerlin, 1994, p. 1). Gerlin (1994) goes on to state that â€Å"the jury found that McDonald’s had engaged in willful, reckless or malicious conduct† and subsequently used that for the basis of their punitive damages (p. ). The number settled on was equivalent roughly to two days worth of coffee sales companywide (Gerlin, 1994, p. 2) The jury concluded that McDonald’s behaved callously and punished them accordingly (Coffin, 2004, p. 4). The jury decided the warning on the cup was insufficient for the hazard (Press, 1995, p. 33). The jury applied the law correctly since it was determined that McDonald’s was acting outside the parameters of peers, had been previously warned of and settled cases associated with scald burns, and did ot properly or clearly notify patrons of the level of severity of the inherent danger. The standard of proof for success exists such that â€Å"the plaintiff must prove that the defendant knew or should have known that, without a warning, the product would be dangerous in its ordinary use†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Kubasek, et. al. , in Hartigan, ed. , 2004, p. 172). In this case, the temperature of the item and the inadequate marking of the container, in the jury’s view, demonstrated negligence on the part of McDonald’s. Since no published opinion is apparent, it is unclear exactly what specific norms the judge and jury may have used in making their determinations, but I submit that the two primary ethical norms at odds in the case are justice and efficiency. Justice (Kubasek, et. al. , in Hartigan, ed. , 2004, p. 172). in this case supports the plaintiff’s claim that negligence was clear in the case and the plaintiff was, therefore, wronged, by the defendant and eligible to collect damages for the loss. The defendant, in their efforts to meet the needs of the marketplace, was interested in efficiency (Kubasek, et. al. , in Hartigan, ed. 2004, p. 172) and maximizing their ability to capitalize on consumers’ needs by serving hot coffee for enjoyment by its patrons. After the verdict, many, myself included, thought the American tort system had gone haywire. There were innumerable articles about the vastness of the award and most, including a column from the New York Daily news, Mighty Qui nn (1994), were aghast at such an award for something so seemingly innocuous. The media reports were not terribly detailed and, as such, many people’s perceptions about exactly what occurred were erroneous. Tort reform became a big topic at the state and federal levels. Congress set limits on punitive awards and malpractice awards (Press, p. 2). The case brought light to the enormous cost of civil litigation, pegged at $130 billion (Press, p. 2). The legal system was hurt by the case because there were many misperceptions created because of the sparse coverage provided. When the details came to light, it was easier to understand what had happened and, more importantly, why. Gerlin’s article provided some important clarity about the severity of the injury, McDonald’s behavior in failing to address previous complaints and McDonald’s unwillingness to deal fairly with an injured patron. In deference to the decision, McDonald’s helped future customers by apparently lowering the temperature at which coffee is dispensed. A local reporter found the temperature to be a â€Å"comparatively cool 158 degrees† the day after the verdict at the McDonald’s in question (Gerlin, 1994, p. 3). If I were serving my coffee at that temperature, I would probably dial it down a bit and certainly eliminate pouring where patrons could be scalded. Ultimately, the consumer drives the business. Clearly, customers want their food and beverages prepared properly. As stated by Terry Dort, executive director of the National Council of Chain Restaurants, â€Å"Coffee in our industry is served between 180 to 190 degrees. That is what manufacturers recommend, and that is what customers want† (Howard, 1994, p. 1). In conclusion, the case and subsequent evaluation have been an excellent reference on the importance of evaluating all the facts prior to reaching a conclusion. Public perception of the case, and indeed my own, were of a woman who sought to bend the system in her favor and squeeze cash from a large corporation. In reality, it appears that it was McDonald’s who was the wrongdoer and was justly and finally punished for their transgressions. The media portrayal was very distorted and only focused on the elements of the award and incident, but not the sum of the facts. The media focused on a relatively simple event that almost everyone has experienced and left out the legalities of the issue. Additionally, follow up rarely reported that the award was reduced and eventually that an out of court settlement was reached. Ultimately, the reform took place; although it would not have made a difference in this case as the judge applied the formula that was legislated (Press, 1995, p. 4). One is left to wonder what truly was accomplished by â€Å"reform† when that fact is brought to light.